3G in Music ( Gayak, Gat and Gamak )

Gayak

          The person who sings lyrical poetry to please the listeners as well with the soft and melodic voice is called Gayak. The Shastra mention five classes of singers with all the merits and demerits. Shikshakara, Anukara, Rasikara, Ranjakara and Bhavkara are the five different Class of singer.

          Shikshakara means a teacher who is an expert in imparting lessons in singing. To teach music is not an easy task so Guru means always the expert of all kinds who rectifies the errors and repairs the student/Shishya with the power of knowledge.

Anukara :-

          Anukara is a singer who is an expert in copying the singing of another artist.  Anukara might come from Anukaran means to copy. These class singers are good in copying but less in improvisation and innovation  

Rasikara: -

Rashikara is the kind of person who really does enjoy singing with full pleasure. They are of such category who enjoys the singing of other artist and called a wise audience who understand the music with better understanding.

Ranjakara :-

          The singer who sings only for the pupil's joys is called Ranjikara. They please the listeners to some extent. In fact, a good singer should have all the four qualities of the Gayak. The person who only please the pupil without absorbing the fragrance of the music but sometimes can be a good singer because self-satisfaction is more important to deal the Audience. It is usually said that performing Arts feel is a matter of doing good and feeling good with the character to create an aroma to sensuous in the heart of the Audience.

Bhavkara :-

          This is the fifth character of singer Bhavkara, which means the singer who is capable of creating, effecting, and implementing new imagination in performance spontaneously. Bhavakara means the artist who has the efficiency of stimulating the feeling or emotions to the spectator with voice or the art. A good singer should have these all qualities.

Gat :-

          Gat means the well-composed melodic structure bounded by the rhythm usually played in instrumental music. Gat might have derived from the word Gati means motion. However, it is not precisely but particularly use for the composition of instrumental music. There are various Gats played in instrumental music basically in string instruments to form the various musical composition. There are mainly three types of Gats: - 1. Masitkhani,      2. Razakhani and 3. Imdadkhani Gat. Masitkhani style follows the slow tempo whereas Razakhani Gats is the high-speed velocity plays like in fast tempo. Imdadkhani Gats are the distinct style of Gats popular from the Imdad Khani Gharana have medium tempo or Madhyalaya.

          In percussion instruments like Tabla and Pakhawaj, the long compositional phrase of Kayada or Theka bounded in certain Tala without any Tehai is called as Gat. There are certain rules to compose these kinds of Gats in Instrumental and percussion instruments which should be learned from the Gurus or the mentor in guru-Sikshya parampara.

Gamak :-

          Gamak in Hindustani Music stands for the principle note spell with the eternal vibration from the bottom of the abdomen. In Ancient Shastra, Gamak Stands for the decent vibration with the grace of bottom octave notes i.e., SS RR GGG, and describes 15 different kinds of Gamak. In the present scenario, the meaning of Gamak only stands for thrilling of particular note. But in Dhrupad tradition, Gamak is not only the swinging of the notes but also the beauty to demonstrate the singing style with its essence of eternal emotions and aesthetical value of sound waves. Various kinds of Gamaks are usually used with singing Dhrupad and Khyal aang but less with other traditions of singing style.

 

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